Smart contracts, as one of the most important manifestations of the convergence of law and blockchain technology, have transformed the traditional structure of contract law. The findings of the present study, which was conducted using an analytical-descriptive method, show that smart contracts can be identified as electronic indefinite contracts within the framework of Article 10 of the Civil Code and are considered valid subject to the full verification of the general conditions of the authenticity of transactions stipulated in Article 190 of the Civil Code. The most important challenges of smart contracts are: the difficulty of verifying intention and consent due to the gap between human text and coding logic, the complexity of verifying eligibility in the quasi-anonymous blockchain environment, the ambiguity of digital assets and controlling the legitimacy of transactions in automated execution. Automated execution, while strengthening contractual obligations, increasing speed, transparency and reducing costs, limits the flexibility of the traditional system and creates new issues in the areas of liability, invalidity, non-intrusion and restoration. However, blockchain data and digital signatures have probative value under the e-commerce law, and judicial authorities with technical expertise will be able to handle disputes. The conclusion of the study is that the Iranian legal system has the capacity to accept smart contracts, but it requires dynamic interpretation and supplementary regulations.