Although the expansion of urbanization and the increase in construction projects play an important role in economic development and the improvement of urban infrastructure, they have also brought consequences such as noise pollution from construction activities. This type of pollution, as one of the hidden but effective forms of environmental pollution, can threaten the physical and mental health of nearby residents and violate their fundamental right to enjoy peace and comfort. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical approach, examines the concept and principles of noise pollution, the rights of neighbors, the duties of builders, and civil and criminal responsibilities arising from urban construction. The findings of the study show that although the Iranian legal system has foreseen numerous regulations to control noise pollution, the weakness in implementation, the lack of effective supervision, and the low level of awareness of citizens have caused the continuation of this problem. From a legal perspective, the principle of non-harm and Article 132 of the Civil Code are the main basis for protecting neighbors from noise nuisance, and if normal limits are exceeded, builders can be required to compensate for damages and bear punishment based on civil liability rules and, in some cases, under criminal law. The results of the study indicate that controlling noise pollution requires a multidimensional approach, including improving institutional supervision, strictly observing permitted construction hours and methods, increasing builders' responsibility, and empowering citizens to demand their rights. Simultaneous attention to technical, legal, and social requirements can play an effective role in reducing tensions resulting from urban construction and improving the quality of life of citizens.