In contemporary legal and economic systems, centralized institutions such as banks, registries, and regulatory bodies played a central role in verifying ownership, processing transactions, and ensuring the enforcement of obligations; however, such institutional centralization was associated with challenges including high costs, procedural inefficiency, corruption, and a decline in public trust. The emergence of block chain technology, smart contracts, and decentralized autonomous organizations has provided a novel framework for redefining mechanisms of trust and the regulation of legal relations, in which the functions of registration, execution, and supervision are delegated to code and distributed protocols. Practical manifestations of this transformation have been observed in four key areas of economic law: land and document registration, intellectual property, the insurance industry, and capital markets. International examples from Honduras and Georgia in land registration, the application of NFTs and smart contracts in intellectual property, parametric insurance projects such as token-based capital markets demonstrate that block chain technology is capable of redesigning traditional institutional functions. The results of the study indicate that the transition to decentralized governance could, in the future, influence all aspects of social and economic life.