Today, atomic energy is outside the exclusive jurisdiction of domestic law and is considered an international concern. It is also an emerging science in human life. However, due to the great capabilities of this technology in a short time, it has been able to enter various areas of human life and play a huge role in industrial, medical, agricultural, etc. dimensions. Now, the new generation needs to be informed about the various methods of peaceful use of nuclear energy and the serious consequences of using this energy in the military sector, so that they can make continuous efforts to achieve it as much as possible and always keep Islamic Iran on the platform of honor. The purpose of this research is to examine the peaceful role of nuclear energy in Iranian law and the international system with a new approach. The greater desire for the peaceful use of nuclear energy, along with the fear of the development of nuclear weapons and the outbreak of nuclear war, led the international community to conclude the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in the 1970s. The dispute over Iran's nuclear activities, including the issue of the right to enrich uranium, is a clear example of these disputes. Based on the findings of the present study, the use of nuclear energy is a universal and inherent right that all states have under general international law. However, this universal right is limited in the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons by the obligation not to spread and manufacture nuclear weapons. Thus, each state, as long as it does not violate such an obligation, enjoys all its rights, including uranium enrichment.