Doping, as a fundamental challenge in international sports, tests the legal obligations of states within the framework of international law. This study aims to examine states’ legal commitments to preventing and combating doping, analyze the international responsibility arising from the violation of these obligations, and evaluate the role of international institutions such as the World Anti-Doping Agency and the Court of Arbitration for Sport. The research hypothesis posits that breaches of anti-doping obligations by states can lead to international responsibility, yet practical challenges hinder their full implementation. The research method of the present study is descriptive-analytical and library resources, international documents, and judicial decisions were used. The findings indicate that the International Convention Against Doping in Sport and the World Anti-Doping Code provide a comprehensive legal framework. However, inconsistencies in national laws, resource limitations, and corruption within some sports organizations pose significant obstacles. The article suggests that strengthening international cooperation, enhancing WADA’s oversight, and leveraging emerging technologies could facilitate more effective enforcement of these obligations.