The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence and algorithmic systems has given rise to a new social order often referred to as the “algorithmic society.” In this emerging context, decision-making processes both individual and collective are increasingly driven by data, algorithms, and intelligent systems, profoundly affecting individual rights, social relationships, and governance mechanisms. This article adopts a multidisciplinary approach grounded in legal theory, digital sociology, and governance studies to analyze the implications of these technological transformations on rights protection, regulatory authority, and distributive justice. Traditional legal frameworks, primarily designed for industrial and pre-digital societies, face significant challenges in addressing issues such as algorithmic bias, opaque decision-making, and the erosion of human agency. This study argues that legal systems require fundamental rethinking and redesign to effectively mitigate the systemic risks associated with intelligent technologies. Emphasizing social justice, the article proposes legal and institutional reforms that promote transparency, accountability, and equity within algorithmic governance. By doing so, it aims to ensure that technological advancements contribute not to deepening inequality but to fostering a fairer and more transparent digital future for all members of society. The findings offer a theoretical and practical foundation for policymakers, legal scholars, and regulators seeking to adapt law and governance structures to the realities of the algorithmic era.