This research examines the legal challenges of Mars ownership from the perspective of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method and library resources, first examines the current legal framework governing space activities and then analyzes the conflicts arising from Mars exploration and exploitation programs by governments and private companies. The research findings show that the 1967 Treaty, despite emphasizing fundamental principles such as the prohibition of national acquisition and the peaceful use of space, suffers from serious ambiguities in key concepts such as private ownership and resource exploitation.  After examining possible future scenarios, this research proposes solutions such as drafting an additional protocol to the existing treaty, establishing an international supervisory body, and designing a special dispute resolution system. The innovation of this research lies in providing a comprehensive analysis of the complex interaction of technological, political, and legal factors in the issue of Mars ownership and proposing a balanced framework for addressing these challenges.