Artificial Intelligence and the Criminal Law System: An Analysis of Responsibilities and Implications

Criminal law scholars recognize artificial intelligence as a transformative force that is profoundly reshaping the landscape of criminal justice and judicial processes. This emerging technology not only introduces novel tools and methods for crime detection and prevention but also raises fundamental questions regarding criminal liability, the determination of punishment, and the mechanisms for monitoring behaviors arising from the use of intelligent systems. The need to establish legal rules and regulations adapted to these developments is felt more strongly than ever, since the absence of clear frameworks may lead to misuse of the vast capabilities of artificial intelligence, thereby threatening individuals’ fundamental rights. The central issue addressed in this study is the lack of a specific legal structure for regulating the use of artificial intelligence in the criminal sphere and for establishing the necessary provisions to ensure accountability. In this regard, the present research, while examining the existing gaps, proposes recommendations for the enactment of new legislation, including the establishment of supervisory bodies, the anticipation of criminal liability for both natural and legal persons in the exploitation of artificial intelligence, and the design of proportionate sanctioning systems. The research employs a descriptive–analytical method and, through the use of library sources and comparative studies, emphasizes the necessity of creating a comprehensive global framework to regulate this technology. It further highlights the essential role of international cooperation in addressing transnational crimes arising from artificial intelligence and in harmonizing legal regulations. At the same time, the study calls upon national legislators to draft clear rules for the application of artificial intelligence and to stipulate appropriate sanctions and penalties for its misuse or unlawful use.