Child-centered Justice and Government: Responsibility Prevention, Correction and Rehabilitation of Children Violate Criminal Laws

With the evolution of criminal justice approaches and the expansion of human rights perspectives, child-centered justice has replaced traditional, punishment-oriented models as a new and supportive model. This research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the state's role in the prevention, rehabilitation, and reintegration of children who violate criminal laws, and to examine the success factors of child-centered justice systems in various countries. The research methodology is based on a descriptive-comparative analysis, examining the policies and performance of governments in countries such as Sweden, Canada, Germany, and Pakistan. The research findings indicate that the realization of child-centered justice requires three main components: an appropriate legal framework, an efficient technological infrastructure, and extensive inter-institutional coordination. Among these, the role of the government is as a policy-making institution, a provider of resources, a supervisor of the functioning of judicial and social institutions, and a coordinator between various key and multi-layered sectors. Furthermore, the involvement of families, educational institutions, and local communities, alongside governmental guidance, plays a decisive role in the child rehabilitation process. The results show that countries that have been able to benefit from new technologies, specialized training of judges, and restorative justice in their social structure have had a significant reduction in the rate of juvenile delinquency. Finally, this study emphasizes the localization of successful global experiences and the need for continuous evaluation of government performance, changing cultural attitudes, and increasing institutional capacity in countries like Iran.