Compensation for Innocent Convicts in the Law of Iran and America

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Ahmadreza Kenarkoohi 1
Salameh Abolhasani 2
1 Master of Criminal Law and Criminology, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz, Iran (Corresponding Author)
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Faculty of Humanities, Ahvaz, Iran
10.22034/lc.2022.142153
Abstract
Despite the rules of trial, there is always the possibility of a wrongful conviction. Given the seriousness of the judicial miscarriage, it is necessary to compensated the innocent after the innocence is revealed. Article 171 of the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran mentions compensation for the error of the judge. However, the competent court was not determined until the act on the supervision of the conduct of judges was approved. At the moment, innocent people must first show the judge's mistake in the judge's disciplinary court and then file a lawsuit in the general legal court of Tehran and this process is not suitable for the need for quick compensation. There are three mechanisms in American law: private bill, civil litigation and compensation statutes to compensate for the innocent that most effective mechanism is the compensation statutes. The present article has written by descriptive-analytical method and in order to achieve a specialized compensation system for the innocent, it is recommended that Article 261 of the Criminal Procedure act be extended to compensate for the innocent convicts and the government will take on the primary duty of compensation.
Keywords
Presumption of Innocence
Miscarriage of Justice
Actual Innocence
Wrongful Conviction
Compensation
منابع
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وبسایت ها
- www. intlwrongfulconvictionday.org
- https://definitions.uslegal.com/a/actual-innocence/
-https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/innocence-and-death-penalty
قوانین
- قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
- قانون آئین دادرسی مدنی مصوب 1379
- قانون نظارت بر رفتار قضات مصوب 1390
- قانون آئین دادرسی کیفری مصوب 1392
- آئین نامه اجرائی قانون نظارت بر رفتار قضات مصوب 1392
- بخشنامه شماره 100/59146/9000 مورخ 14/11/1395 ریاست قوه قضائیه