‪Iranian Criminal Policy Ppathology Regarding the Crimes of Rebellion, Moharebeh and Corruption on Earth in Light of the Concept of National Security and Political Stability of the Country

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Ruhollah Sheikhi 1
Mohammad Momahmoodi 2
1 Master of Science in Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author)
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/lc.2026.562642.1719
Abstract
Islamic criminology addresses three important criminal titles rebellion, Armed hostility (Moharebeh), and corruption on earth (Efsad-e fel-arz) in relation to threats against security and social stability. All three crimes are directly linked to the concept of "national security" and "political stability of the country," but they have fundamental differences in terms of basis, motivation, and scope of effects. The main issue of this research is: What are the conceptual and legal differences between the crimes of rebellion, Moharebeh, and Efsad-e fel-arz, and what is the relationship of each with the concept of national security and political stability of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The aim of the research is to accurately explain the limits of these crimes in the Iranian criminal system and to clarify the function of each in protecting the political and social structure of the country. The research method is analytical-descriptive and uses jurisprudential and legal sources, as well as interpretive opinions of jurists and lawyers. The findings show that rebellion refers to a collective and organized action against the Islamic government and a direct threat to the political order, while Moharebeh refers more to threatening public security by creating fear and physical insecurity in society, and Efsad-e fel-arz has a more general aspect and includes any extensive activity that disrupts order and stability. The innovative aspect of the research is in the comparative analysis of these three titles with contemporary indicators of national security and political stability, which has received less attention in previous works. The result is that the precise separation of these concepts can prevent the misuse or conceptual overlap of security crimes and lead to greater coherence in the country's criminal policy.
Keywords
Rebellion
Armed Hostility
Corruption on Earth
National Security
Political Stability

Subjects